A Review on Evaluation of Ground Water Quality Parameters for its Use in Varied Sectors

Abstract

Water is the most significant need without which human life is impossible. Its use in varied sectors such as drinking, domestic, agricultural (irrigation), industrial, etc. makes it the most "to be dependent" resource in the present day scenario. It is available to human beings in several forms such as surface water, sub-surface water, groundwater, rainwater, of which, the most reliable is the groundwater since it is stored underneath the ground, thereby forming the water table in that particular area. However, due to the emission of point and non-point water pollution from excessive industrial and agricultural activities, respectively, followed by their percolation into the ground, the quality of groundwater has become a matter of serious concern in places, mainly within the periphery of such activities. Hence, prior to application of groundwater for any purpose, its suitability, in terms of physical, chemical or biological has to be determined with great importance. The evaluated values of ground water quality parameters such as Sodium Absorption Ratio, Electrical Conductivity, Residual Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Percentage, pH, Turbidity, Salinity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Magnesium Hazard, Nitrates, Phosphates, etc. that have a true and larger impact in any application needs be evaluated to the most accurate extent. This paper presents a review on such various physico-chemical water quality parameters determined by different researchers spatially around the globe.